In 2014, Spain had the highest recorded use of colistin in animals across the EU. In response, the Spanish government and livestock industry jointly launched the program "Reduce: Agreement for the Voluntary Reduction of Colistin in the Pig Sector."
The program encouraged companies to commit to reducing colistin use within three years. In return, participants received an official quality label that enhanced their reputation with consumers and distributors. The program also monitored alternative antimicrobial use to prevent compensatory increases in other substances.
A core strength of the initiative was frequent dialogue between public and private stakeholders, ensuring unified goals and strategies. Within just two years, more than 90% of the Spanish pig sector — over 230 companies — had voluntarily joined the initiative. As a result, colistin use was reduced by nearly 100%.
The success of the program led to its expansion across other livestock species and antimicrobial classes, achieving an overall 70% reduction in veterinary antimicrobial use between 2014 and 2022.
What made Spain’s approach unique was its positive reinforcement model. Instead of penalizing non-compliance, the initiative focused on publicly recognizing and rewarding responsible practices. This created a ripple effect of motivation throughout the industry, proving more effective than punitive regulation and fostering long-term behavioral change across the supply chain.
Spain’s story demonstrates that substantial reductions in antibiotic use in agriculture can be achieved through cooperation, transparency, and voluntary commitment — not just regulation.
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